LCP-18 Zipangizo Zoyesera Kuthamanga Kwa Kuunika
Chiyambire pomwe Galileo adayesa kuyesa liwiro la kuwala m'zaka za zana la 16, anthu agwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri kuyeza kuthamanga kwa kuwala munthawi zosiyanasiyana. Tsopano, mtunda womwe kuwala kumayenda munthawi inayake wasandulika mulingo umodzi wamiyeso yonse, ndiye kuti, "kutalika kwa mita ndikofanana ndi mtunda womwe kuwala kumayenda mu 1/299792458 mpata wachiwiri utachotsedwa." liwiro la kuwala kwagwiritsidwanso ntchito mwachindunji muyeso wa mtunda, Kuthamanga kwa kuwala kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi zakuthambo. Kuthamanga kwa kuwala ndikofunikanso nthawi zonse mufizikiki. Zovuta zina zambiri ndizogwirizana nazo, monga Rydberg nthawi zonse pazowonera, mgwirizano pakati pa kupuma kwamagetsi ndi magwiridwe antchito pamagetsi, kuyatsa koyamba kwa ma radiation ndi ma radiation yachiwiri mu Planck's blackbody radiation, Nthawi zonse ma proton, ma neutroni, ma elekitironi ndipo ma muoni onse ndi ofanana ndi kuthamanga kwa kuunika kwa C.
Zoyeserera zokhazokha: Yesani index ya refractive ya media zosiyanasiyana monga organic galasi, quartz yopangira, ndi madzi pogwiritsa ntchito chubu chosankhira.
Zofunika
| Kufotokozera | Zofunika |
| Gwero Lakuwala | Semiconductor Laser |
| Kutalika kwa Njanji | 0.6 m |
| Kusinthasintha Kwa Signal pafupipafupi | 100 MHz |
| Chiwerengero Cha Kuyeza Kwachigawo | 455 kHz |
| Kutalika kwa Njira Yoyenda-Ulendo | 0 ~ 1.0 m (ulendo wobwerera kumbuyo 0 ~ 0.5 m) |
| Kuyeza Vuto Lakuwala Kwakuwala | 5% kapena kuposa |
Mndandanda Wachigawo
| Kufotokozera | Zambiri |
| Chigawo Chachikulu | 1 |
| Chingwe cha BNC | 2 |
| Bukuli | 1 |
| Transparent Phula chubu ndi Othandizira Othandizira | zosankha |
